The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental mutual-security organization which was founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Except for Uzbekistan, the other countries had been previously been members of the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organization.

The SCO is primarily concerned with issues of Central Asian stability and security, often describing the main threats it confronts as being terrorism, separatism and extremism. Speculation, however, is growing that its involvement in social development, economic issues and resource collection, is growing rapidly.

The SCO at CIMUN will include both full member states as well as states with observer status in the organization.